2019년 7월 31일 영어 - 문법 - 전치사 (in / for / about 등) + -ing

공부하는 책: Grammar in use intermediate

 

전치사 (in / for / about 등) + -ing

■ 전치사 뒤에 동사가 올 때 -ing 사용

in / at / with / of / for / about / instead of / in spite of

ex) in working, at learning, with studying

★ 동사에 -ing를 붙임으로써 명사화

ex) 전치사 + 주어 + 동사: I'm fed up with people telling me what to do.

※ fed up : 지긋지긋한, 신물난

 

■ Before / After의 접속사 or 전치사로 사용할 때

접속사 ex) Before I went out ... / ... after you finished school.

전치사 ex) Before going out ... / ... after finishing school.

 

■ by -ing: ...함으로써

ex 1) The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.

※ burglar 미국식 [ˈbɜːrɡ-] 영국식 [ˈbɜːɡlə(r)] : 절도범, 빈집털이범

ex 2) She made herself sick by not eating properly.

※ properly 미국식 [ˈprɑːpərli] 영국식 [ˈprɒpəli] : 1. 제대로, 적절히, 2. (사회적·도덕적으로) 올바로, 3. 실은, 사실

ex 3) Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.

 

■ without -ing: ...하지 않고

ex 1) We ran 10 miles without stopping.

ex 2) She needs to work without people disturbing her.(또는 ... without being disturbed)

 

■ to를 전치사로 사용하고 뒤에 동사가 올 때

ex ) I prefer driving to traveling by train.

 

연습

두 문장의 의미가 같도록 문장 완성하기.

ex 1) Why is it useful to have a car?

-> What are the advantages of having a car?

※ advantage 미국식 [-ˈvæn-] 영국식 [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] : 1. (누구에게) 유리한 점, 이점, 장점, 2. (무엇의) 이점, 장점, 3. 어드밴티지(스코어가 40대 40인 상태에서 먼저 올리는 득점)

2) I don't intend to apply for the job.

✅ -> I have no intention of applying for the job.

※ intend 미국·영국 [ɪnˈtend]: 1. 의도하다, (…하려고) 생각하다, 2. 의미하다

3) Karen has a good memory for names.

❌ -> Karen is good at memorizing for names.

=> remembering names

4) Mark won't pass the exam. He has no chance.

✅ -> Mark has no chance of passing the exam.

5) Did you get into trouble because you were late?

❌ -> Did you get into trouble for you being late?

=> being late

6) We didn't eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.

✅ -> Instead of eating at home. We went to a restaurant.

7) We got into the exhibition. We didn't have to wait in line.

✅ -> We got into the exhibition without waiting in line.

=> having to wait in line

8) Our team played well, but we lost the game.

✅ -> Our team lost the game in spite of playing well.

 

by -ing와 아래의 어구를 사용하여 문장 완성하기.

borrow too much money / break a window / drive too fast

put some pictures on the walls / stand on a chair / turn a key

ex 1) The burglars got into the house by breaking a window.

✅ 2) I was able to reach the top shelf by standing on a chair.

※ shelf 미국·영국 [ʃelf] : 1. 선반, 시렁; 책꽂이, (책장의) 칸, 2. <선반 모양의 지층>

✅ 3) You start the engine of a car by turning a key.

✅ 4) Kevin got himself into financial trouble by borrowing too much money.

✅ 5) You can put people's lives in danger by driving too fast.

✅ 6) We made the room look nicer by putting some pictures on the walls.

 

알맞은 단어를 하나 써 넣어 문장 완성하기.

ex 1) We ran 10 miles without stopping.

✅ 2) He left the hotel without paying his bill.

✅ 3) It's a nice morning. How about going for a walk?

🤔 4) We were able to translate the letter into English without finding a dictionary.

=> using

✅ 5) Before going to bed, I like to have a hot drink.

🤔 6) It was a long trip. I was very tired after staying on a train for 36 hours.

=> being / traveling / sitting

✅ 7) I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody telling me.

=> asking / telling / consulting

🤔 8) After working the same job for 10 years, I felt I needed a change.

=> doing / having

✅ 9) We got lost because we went straight instead of turning left.

=> turning / going

✅ 10) I like these pictures you took. You're good at taking pictures.

 

I'm (not) looking forward to를 사용하여 상황에 맞는 문장 쓰기.

ex 1) You are going on vacation next week. How do you feel?

-> I'm looking forward to going on vacation.

2) Diane is a good friend of yours and she is coming to visit you soon. So you will see her again soon. How do you feel?

🤔 -> I'm looking forward to meeting her.

=> seeing her.

3) You are going to the dentist tomorrow. You don't enjoy going to the dentist. How do you feel?

✅ -> I'm not looking forward to going to the dentist.

4) Carol hates school, but she is graduating next summer. How does she feel?

🤔 -> She is looking forward to her graduating.

=> graduating

5) You've arranged to play tennis tomorrow. You like tennis a lot. How do you feel?

✅ -> I'm looking forward to playing tennis.

※ arrange 미국·영국 [əˈreɪndʒ] : 1. 마련하다, (일을) 처리하다, 2. 정리하다, 배열하다, 3. 편곡하다