2019년 7월 27일 영어 - 문법 - can, could, (be) able to

공부하는 책: Grammar in use intermediate

 

can, could, (be) able to

■ can 다음에는 동사원형

ex) can see, can use, Can you speak, can come, can be

 

■ 부정형

can't(= cannot), couldn't(= could not)

특히 문어체에서는 couldn't 대신 could not 사용

 

■ (be) able to도 같은 의미지만, 일반적으로 can보다 덜 사용

ex 1) I can't sleep ↔ I haven't been able to sleep recently.

ex 2) Tom can come tomorrow ↔ Tom might be able to come tomorrow.

 

■ could가 과거형으로 사용될 때, 특히 다음 동사들과 함께 쓰임

ex) could see / hear / smell / taste / feel / remember / understand

 

■ 어떤 특정 상황에서 해낸 일에 대해서

could가 아닌 was/were able to 또는 managed to 사용

ex 1) The fire spread through the building very quickly, but fortunately everybody was able to escape / managed to ecape.

 

연습

can 또는 (be) able to 사용하여 문장 완성하기. (can을 사용할 수 없는 경우 be able to 사용)

 

ex 1) Eric has traveled a lot. He can speak four languages.

ex 2) I haven't been able to sleep very well recently.

✅ 3) Nicole can drive, but she doesn't have a car.

✅ 4) I used to be able to stand on my head, but I can't do it anymore.

✅ 5) I can't understand Michael. I've never been able to understand him.

❌ 6) I can't see you on Friday, but I could meet you on Saturday morning.

-> can

✅ 7) Ask Catherine about your problem. She might be able to help you.

 

괄호 안의 지시대로 자신에 대해 쓰기.

ex 1) (something you used to be able to do)

-> I used to be able to sing well.

2) (somthing you used to be able to do)

🤔 -> I used to be able to play games well.

3) (something you would like to be able to do)

🤔 -> I'd like to be able to solve easily my tasks.

4) (something you have never been able to do)

🤔 -> I've never been able to get the hobbies.

 

can/can't/could/couldn't + 아래의 동사를 사용하여 문장 완성하기.

come, eat, hear, run, sleep, wait

ex 1) I'm sorry I can't come to your party next week.

✅ 2) When Bob was 16, he could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.

✅ 3) "Are you in a hurry?" "No, I've got plenty of time. I can wait".

✅ 4) I felt sick yesterday. I couldn't eat anything.

❌ 5) Can you speak a little louder? I can hear you very well.

-> can't hear

※ loud (louder) 미국·영국 [laʊd]: 1. (소리가) 큰, 시끄러운, 2. 시끄러운, 3. 야단스러운, 야한

✅ 6) "You look tired." "Yes, I couldn't sleep last night".

 

was/were able to를 사용하여 질문에 대한 답을 완성하기.

ex 1) A: Did everybody escape from the fire? B: Yes, Although the fire spread quickly, everybody was able to escape.

※ spread 미국·영국 [spred]: 1. (접혀 있던 것을) 펼치다, 2. (잘 보이도록) 펼치다, 3. (팔다리손가락 등을) 벌리다

✅ 2) A: Did you finish your homework this afternoon? B: Yes, nobody was around to disturb me, so I was able to finish my homework / it.

※ disturb 미국식 [-ˈstɜːrb] 영국식 [dɪˈstɜːb] : 1. (작업·수면 등을) 방해하다, 2. (제자리에 있는 것을) 건드리다, 3. 불안하게 만들다

✅ 3) A: Did you have any trouble finding Amy's house? B: Not really. She'd given us good directions, so we were able to find Amy's house / it.

✅ 4) A: Did the thief get away? B: Yes. No one realized what was happening, and the thief was able to get away.

 

could, couldn't 또는 managed to를 사용하여 문장 완성하기.

ex 1) My grandfather traveled a lot. He could speak five languages.

ex 2) I looked everywhere for the book, but I couldn't find it.

ex 3) They didn't want to come with us at first, but we managed to persuade them.

※ persuade 미국식 [pərˈs-] 영국식 [pəˈsweɪd] : 1. (…을 하도록) 설득하다, 설득하여 …하게 하다, 2. (…이 사실임을) 납득시키다

✅ 4) Laura had hurt her leg and couldn't walk very well.

❌ 5) Sue wasn't at home when I called, but I could contact her at her office.

-> managed to

✅ 6) I looked very carefully, and I could see someone in the distance.

✅ 7) I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first store I went to didn't have any good ones, but I managed to get some at the next place.

✅ 8) My grandmother loved music. She could play the piano very well.

✅ 9) A girl fell into the river, but fortunately we managed to rescue her.

※ fortunately 미국식 [ˈfɔːrtʃ-] 영국식 [ˈfɔːtʃənətli] : 다행스럽게도, 운 좋게도

✅ 10) I had forgotten to bring my camera, so I couldn't take any photos.