2019년 7월 24일 영어 - 문법 - although / though / even though / in spite of / despite

공부하는 책: Grammar in use intermediate

 

although / though / even though / in spite of / despite

■ although 다음에는 주어 + 동사 사용

ex 1) Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.

ex 2) I didn't get the job although I was well qualfied.

※ qualify 미국식 [ˈkwɑːl-] 영국식 [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] : 1. (필요한 교육·시험 등을 거쳐) 자격을 얻다, 2. (어떤 일을 하는 데 필요한 기술·지식 등의) 자격을 주다, 3. (…할) 자격이 있다; 자격을 주다

 

■ in spite of/despite 다음에는 명사, 대명사(this/that/what 등), 또는 -ing 사용

ex 1) In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our vacation.

ex 2) I didn't get the job in spite of (I) being well qualified.

※ -ing를 사용할 때 주어가 중복이면 생략

in spite of/despite the fact (that) 다음에는 주어 + 동사 사용

I didn't get the job in spite of the fact(that) / despite the fact (that) I was well qualified.

 

■ 구어체에서는 종종 문장 끝에 though 사용

★ ex 1) The house isn't very nice. I like the garden, though. (but I like the garden)

 

연습

although + 다음 중 하나를 골라 문장 완성하기

• I didn't speak the language
• he has a very important job
• I had never seen her before
• we don't like them very much
• it was quite cold
• the heat was on
• I'd met her twice before
• we've known each other a long time

 

ex 1) Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well paid.

✅ 2) Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.

※ recognize 미국·영국 [ˈrekəɡnaɪz]: 1. (어떤 사람·사물을 보거나 듣고 누구·무엇인지) 알아보다, 2. (존재·진실성을) 인정하다, 3. 공인하다

✅ 3) She wasn't wearing a coat althouh it was quite cold.

✅ 4) We thought we'd better invite them to the party although we don't like them very much.

✅ 5) Although I didn't speak the language, I managed to make myself understood.

※ manage 미국·영국 [ˈmænɪdʒ]: 1. (힘든 일을) 간신히 해내다, (어떻게든) …하다, 2. (문제·곤경을 헤치며) 살아 나가다, 3. (많지 않은 돈으로) 살아 내다

✅ 6) Although the heat was on, the room wasn't warm.

✅ 7) I didn't recognize her although I'd met her twice before.

✅ 8) We're not very good friends although we've known each other a long time.

 

although / in spite of / because / because of 를 사용하여 문장 완성하기

ex 1) Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.

✅ 2-1) Inspite of all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.

※ careful 미국식 [ˈkerfl] 영국식 [ˈkeəfl] : 1. 조심하는, 주의 깊은, 2. 세심한

※ go wrong : 1. 실수를 하다, 2. 고장 나다, 3. (일이) 잘못되다

✅ 2-2) Although we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.

✅ 3-1) I went home early because I wasn't feeling well.

✅ 3-2) I went to work the next day although I was still feeling sick.

✅ 4-1) She only accepted the job because of the salary, which was very high.

✅ 4-2) She accepted the job inspite of the salary, which was rather low.

※ rather 미국식 [ˈræðər] 영국식 [ˈrɑːðə(r)] : 1. (흔히 비판실망놀람을 나타내는 표현에서) 꽤, 약간, 상당히, 2. 좀, 약간(동사와 함께 써서 진술의 강도를 완화시킬 때), 3. 더 정확히 말하면

✅ 5-1) I managed to get to sleep although there was a lot of noise.

✅ 5-2) I couldn't get to sleep because of the noise.

자신의 생각대로 문장 완성하기.

🤔 6-1) He passed the exam although he hung out with friends every day.

🤔 6-2) He passed the exam because he studied for 12 hours over every day.

🤔 7-1) I didn't eat anything although I was starving all day.

🤔 7-2) I didn't eat anything in spite of the sauce that was very spicy.

 

괄호 안의 단어를 사용하여 두 문장을 한 문장으로 만들기.

ex 1) I couldn't sleep. I was very tired. (despite)

-> I couldn't sleep despite being very tired.

2) They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)

❌ -> They have very little money in spite of being happy.

=> In spite of having very little money, they are happy.

=> In spite of the fact (that) they have very little money, they are happy.

3) My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest town. (although)

❌ -> My foot was injured although I managed to walk to the nearest town.

=> Although my foot was injured managed to walk to the nearest town.

=> I managed to walk to the nearest town although my foot was injured.

※ injure 미국·영국 [ˈɪndʒə(r)] : 1. (특히 사고로) 부상을 입다, 2. (평판·자존심 등을) 해치다

4) I enjoyed the movie. The story was silly. (in spite of)

✅ -> I enjoyed the movie in spite of the story that was silly.

=> I enjoyed the movie in spite of the silly story.

=> In spite of the silly story, I enjoyed the movie.

※ silly 미국·영국 [ˈsɪli] : 1. 어리석은, 바보 같은, 2. 우스꽝스러운, 유치한, 철없는, 3. (실용적이지 않고) 장난감 같은; 심각하지 않은

5) We live on the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)

❌ -> We live on the same street despite being hardly ever see each other.

=> Despite living on the same street, we hardly ever see each other.

=> Despite the fact (that) we live on the same street, we hardly ever see each other.

=> We hardly ever see each other despite we live on the same street.

6) I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though)

✅ -> I got very wet in the rain even though I was only out for five minutes.

=> Even though I was only out for five minutes, I got very wet in the rain.

※ wet 미국·영국 [wet]: 1. 젖은, 2. 비가 오는, 궂은, 3. 아직 마르지 않은

 

괄호 안의 단어와 though를 사용하여 문장 만들기. (though를 문장 끝에 사용하기)

ex 1) The house isn't very nice. (like / yard)

-> I like the yard, though.

※ yard 미국식 [jɑːrd] 영국식 [jɑːd]: 1. 마당, 뜰; (학교의) 운동장, 2. = garden n. (1), 3. (특정한 목적·사업용으로 쓰이는) –장(場)

2) It's warm today. (very windy)

✅ -> It's very windy, though.

3) We didn't like the food. (ate)

✅ -> We ate the food(it), though.

4) Liz is very nice. (don't like / husband)

✅ -> I don't like Liz's(her) husband, though.